Osteomyelitis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Osteomyelitis - Term Paper Example Various types of osteomyelitis are there and some are more prone to strike children like hematogenous osteomyelitis while direct trauma and contiguous focus osteomyelitis are more likely to be found in adults (King & Johnson, n.d.). Epidemiological Overview Process Ostermyelitis is a disease associated with bones. It is an infection that affects the bones and which occurs as a result of bacteria or other germs. Fungi can also cause this disease. Bacteria can spread to a bone in various manners. Skin that is suffering from infection can spread bacteria to a bone. Bacteria can also reach the bone from muscles or tendons that are placed near the bone. This disease can also happen under a skin sore. The infection can actually happen in any area of the body and from that area the infection can be carried to the bone by blood. There is another way this infection can start and that is from complications arising from surgery of the bone. The risk of this infection tends to gets more likely i f the surgery is done after there is an injury. Infection can also happen from metal rods and plates that are placed in the bone to fix fracture of the bone. In case of children, this disease more often occurs in the long bones of the arms or legs which give strength and provides mobility. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis can mostly be seen in children. Direct trauma and contiguous focus osteomyelitis affect mostly adults and adolescents. (Osteomyelitis, 2012) Morbidity of the disease can be substantial. The infection can spread in a localized manner to the related soft tissues of joints. The infection can also end up as a chronic infection causing acute pain and can cause disability. The areas of the body that gets extremely infected may have the need to be amputated to stop the spread of the infection to other parts of the body. The infection can also be generalized or sepsis. Figures show that around 10 to 15 percent of patients who have this disease in the bones of their vertebr a can develop disorder in the nervous system or frank spinal-cord compression. Recent studies have shown that complications in the vascular system seem to be more common with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) than it was earlier known. Patients suffering from osteomyelitis generally have low rates of mortality unless there is an associated sepsis. The disease can also be mortal if the patient has a history of a prevalent medical condition (King & Johnson, n.d.). Osteomyelitis in children In children, this disease is more commonly carried by blood and is typically found in long bones like the femur, tibia and humerus. Generally bacteria enter the bones of children through surgical manipulations or penetrating wounds. In case of infants, this disease can spread more as the anatomical resistance power to deflect infection is less in infants. Osteomyelitis is more focal in older children with fever and bacteremia as common symptoms (Kaplan, 2005, p p.787-788). Pathophysiologic Processes Risk Factors The common risk factors for osteomyelitis are diabetis, poor blood supply, injury received in recent past and use of illegal drugs by means of injection. People whose spleen has been removed are also vulnerable to osteomyelitis. (Osteomyelitis,

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly

Memory Loss and Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly CHAPTER V DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS LIMITATIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusion drawn. It also clarifies the limitation of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas such as nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and research. Memory loss is unusual forgetfulness. May not able to remember the new incidents, recall more memories of the past or both .Memory loss can be distressing for the person affected as well as for their family. Mild cognitive impairment is a syndrome defined as cognitive decline greater than expected for an individual’s age and education levels but that does not interfere notably with activities of daily life. Age related changes in cognitive function vary considerably across individuals. Some cognitive functions appearing more susceptible than others to the effect of aging. DISCUSSION: The present study was designed to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment for the elder peoples. The investigator adopted descriptive research design. The data collected for the study were analyzed statistically and discussed below based on objectives. i) Demographic Description: Demographic variables included Age , Sex , Education , Monthly income before coming to the old age home , Marital status , Occupation before coming to the old age home , Duration of stay in the old age home , Family history of mental illness , Source of income . Out of 60 elderly majority of the people 26 ( 43.33%) were between the age group of 76 – 80 yrs , regarding the sex 36 ( 60%) people are males ,regarding the educational status 50 ( 83.33 %) people had primary education , regarding the monthly income 46( 76.66%) people are getting RS ,3000-5000, 39 ( 65%) people married , 24 ( 40%) people are in private job , 30 ( 50%) people are staying 1-2 years in the old age home , 55( 91.66% ) people are not having family history of mental illness , 20 ( 33.33%) people are having source of income from the children. 1) The first objective of the study was to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elder people. Among 60 samples 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 61-80 (Mild memory loss), 19 (31.66%) of them scored between 41- 60 (Moderate memory loss), 40 (66.66%) of them scored between 21- 40 (Severe memory loss), and there is no people in very severe memory loss among elderly. This study was supported by Chips .J Pillai., et al (2009), conducted a early assessment of memory impairment in people over 65 years old . Tests used for the early diagnosis with memory loss are Wechsler memory scale. They recorded 74.5 % of memory complaints for old age people. Memory consultations were assessed at clinical settings and improve the access to early medical and behavioral support. Among 60 samples 3(5%) of them scored between 21-25 (Mild cognitive impairment), 56 (93.33%) of them scored between 11- 20 (Moderate cognitive impairment), 1 (1.66%) of them scored between 0-10 (Severe cognitive impairment) among elderly. This study was supported by Cynthia Thomas et al ( 2005 ) , conducted the study on cognitive assessment for elderly ; A brief screening test for mild cognitive impairment. Mini mental status examination administered to all the participants. 94 Participants meeting mild cognitive impairment clinical criteria. The study concluded that 55%people detect mild cognitive impairment. 2) The second objective of the study was association between the memory loss with demographic variables: The chi square value for the association of age and memory loss among elderly is significant 0.001 levels. Hence, a significant association between age and memory loss. There is no significant association between memory loss with sex , education , occupation before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , source of income among elderly. This study was supported by Gary .J Kennedy (2008), assessed the age associated memory impairment. 160 participants were selected with the age group of 70 -80 years. Used 4 computerized 3 non computerized memory tests. The participants score was low on two memory test. The data suggest that 80 % subjects had memory impairment. 3) The third objective was to associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables. There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables such as age , sex , education , occupation before coming to the old age home , marital status , income before coming to the old age home , duration of stay in the old age home , family history of mental illness , and source of income among elderly. This study was supported by John .M Starr et al (1999) conducted a study on age associated cognitive decline in healthy older people. Results were the study fails to support the hypothesis that cognitive decline can be attributed to age alone in healthy older people. They detected 57% older people had moderate cognitive impairment. 4) The fourth objective was to assess the correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment. Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviation value is 5.60, and mean value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation value is 2.89. Correlation of memory loss and cognitive impairment score is 0.407. It is evident that there is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. This study was supported by Noboru Habu., et al (2010). Conducted a cross sectional study on relationship between mild memory impairment and cognitive impairment. Results were the study there is a correlation of coefficient of memory loss and cognitive impairment(r = 0.391). There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. SUMMARY The present study aimed to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly at ST. JOSEPH old age home in Coimbatore. The objectives were to: 1) Assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. 2) Associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly 3) Associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly. 4) Correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. Review of literature facilitated the investigator to collect the relevant information to support the study. The researcher adopted descriptive research design for conducting this study. The conceptual frame work was based on Modified bio psychosocial model 1999. The researcher to identify the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. 60 elderly were selected by convenient sampling technique .The tool used for data collection consists of Wechsler memory scale, mini mental status examination. The data was collected for a period of 6 weeks in ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME Coimbatore. Based on the objectives, data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: According to statistical analysis, 1(1.66%) elderly had mild memory loss. 19(31.66%) elderly had moderate memory loss. 40(66.66%) elderly had severe memory loss. 3(5%) elderly had mild cognitive impairment. 56(93.33%) elderly had moderate cognitive impairment. 1(1.66%) elderly had severe cognitive impairment. Chi square value for the association of age with memory loss is significant at 0.001 levels. So these findings indicated that as age progress the memory will get decreased. Chi square value for the association of cognitive impairment with demographic variables is not significant. Mean value for memory loss is 38.3 and standard deviation is 5.60. Mean value for cognitive impairment is 15.5 and standard deviation is 2.89. The findings indicated that the Correlation value of memory loss and cognitive impairment is 0.407. It was evident that there is positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment. It can be assumed when memory loss get increased the cognitive impairment also will increase. CONCLUSION: That it is concluded that elderly are suffers from memory loss and cognitive impairment, there is a significant association between age and memory loss. As the age progress the memory will get decreased. And there is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. There is a positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. IMPLICATIONS: The present study findings have several implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nurse can assess the problems of elderly and prevent further complication. Nursing practice: Increased attention towards family members regarding care of elderly. Nurses can provide memory training for the elderly. Nurses can advice the elderly to maintain the diary for remembering important matters. Nurses can provide counselling for psychological problems of the elderly. Nursing Education: Nursing educator plays an important role for preparing the nurses for caring the elderly and meets the psychological and physical needs of the elderly. Nursing educator Involve the students in memory training program. Nursing educator ways to improve and maintain cognitive health. Nursing Administration: Nursing administrator can plan and organizing community based classes to the community people regarding improving memory and cognitive impairment among elderly. Nursing administrator can encourage students to participate in health education and counselling programme for the family members. Nursing administrator can conduct in-service education, workshop, continuing nursing education to the nursing students and update their knowledge about needs (physical psychological) for the elderly. Nursing Research: This study can be baseline for future studies to build on. Nursing research provides evidence based clinical practice. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited to single setting. This study was limited to the sample size of 60 elderly. This study was limited to only assessment of memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. RECOMMENDATIONS: A study can be conducted to find out the needs of the elderly A study can be conducted in various settings. A study can be conducted to psychological and physical problems of elderly. A study can be conducted to compare the memory loss and cognitive impairment of elderly staying in old age home and staying in home. A study can be conducted in community settings. A study can be conducted memory loss and cognitive impairment can affect the activities of daily living and occupational functions of the elderly. ABSTRACT The present study entitled, study to ASSESS THE MEMORY LOSS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG ELDERLY AT ST. JOSEPH OLD AGE HOME COIMBATORE. The objectives of the study were to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly, associate the memory loss with demographic variables among elderly, associate the cognitive impairment with demographic variables among elderly, and correlate the memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. This study was conducted in ST.JOSEPH old age home, Coimbatore. The sample size was 60 elderly. The Conceptual frame work adopted for this study was Modified bio psychosocial model (1999). The study was conducted for a period of six weeks. The tools used to assess the memory loss and cognitive impairment is Wechsler memory scale and Mini mental status examination. The results of the study were Among 60 samples, 1.66% elderly had mild memory loss, 31.66% elderly had moderate memory loss , and 66.66% elderly had severe memory loss. In cognitive impairment 5% elderly had mild cognitive impairment, 93.33% elderly had moderate cognitive impairment, and 1.66% elderly had severe cognitive impairment. There is a significant association between age and memory loss .There is no significant association between cognitive impairment with demographic variables. Positive correlation between memory loss and cognitive impairment among elderly. The study concluded that as the age progress the memory will get decreased.

The Green Divide: Class Conflict within Klingle Valley :: Green Ecology Environment Essays

The Green Divide: Class Conflict within Klingle Valley As a sign of our times, urban development has been occurring throughout the United States and the global arena at a rapid rate. In the course of this development, the green spaces of cities have been affected in a generally negative way. Overall, people have lost recreational sites for play and relaxation, which are crucial to a healthy society. Look at our nation’s capitol. Thanks to the great influx of businesses and firms entering the District, the green space has been slowly declining. Washingtonians are beginning to fear that one of America’s largest and most beautiful parks—Rock Creek Park—will fall victim to the urban development encouraged by the profit-seeking government. The government believes that urban development is the most effective way to produce the space of the city. However, some citizens feel that Rock Creek Park is a space that must be preserved for the society’s well being. For over a decade now, the fate of the closed portion of Klingle Road in Northwest Washington, D.C. has been debated. Those primarily living east of Rock Creek Park favor repaving the old road so that it can be used once again for vehicular traffic. Those primarily living west of the park favor continued closure of the road and preservation of the environment. On the surface, it appears to be only a geographical division and a conflict between green space and urban development; however, an overlooked ‘Green Divide’ between economic and racial classes seems to lie beneath the surface. Before I continue, it is crucial to understand several key terms. Green space can be defined as open space. It includes "trees, shrubs, grasses, flowers, and other components" in a setting usually deemed a park, which may or may not have recreational facilities (Brewer 150). Along with green space, preservation and conservation should be defined. The two words are synonymous and mean the "planned management of natural resources" (Mish 170). "Planned management" allows for encroachment on green space, but in a controlled way. These terms are the primary components of the rhetoric of keeping Klingle Road closed. The propaganda, generated by the road closure advocates, continually uses the words green space and preservation. These terms are easily identifiable by the general public. Furthermore, upon hearing these terms, the general public usually leans toward the environmental side. Furthermore, advocates of continued road closure designate the following terminology upon the opponent.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 44

On the smal est moon of the Nether World fine ash was fal ing. It fel on two already ash-covered bodies. It fel on ash-choked water. It blocked the sunlight so that an endless midnight covered the moon's ash-coated surface. And something else fel . In the smal est imaginable droplets, an opalescent fluid fel , colors swirling as if to try and make up for the ugliness of the ashes. They were tiny drops, but there were tril ions upon tril ions of them, fal ing endlessly, concentrated over the spot where they had once been part of the largest container of raw Power in three dimensions. There was a body on the ground on this spot – not quite a corpse. The body had no heartbeat; it did not breathe, and there was no brain activity. But somewhere in it there was a slow pulsing, that quickened very slightly as the tiny drops of Power fel upon it. The pulsing was made up of nothing but a memory. The memory of a girl with dark blue eyes and golden hair and a smal face with wide brown eyes. And the taste: the taste of two maidens'tears. Elena. Bonnie. Putting the two of them together they formed what was not exactly a thought, not exactly a picture. But to someone who only understood words, it might be translated: They are wiating for me. If I can figure out who I am. And that sparked a fierce determination. After what seemed like centuries but was only a few hours, something moved in the ash. A fist clenched. And something stirred in the brain, a self-revelation. A name. Damon.

What influence has Vincent van Gogh

Artists had many original ideas during van Sago's lifetime, though they could not be conveniently categorized. The term ‘Post-Impressionist' denotes a few independent artists, like van Gogh who at the end of the 19th century rebelled against the limitations of traditional Impressionism. However, it does not account for an artistic style or formal movement. They expressed a range of individual styles which focused on the emotional, structural, symbolic and spiritual elements that they felt where missing from Impressionism.The work of these painters formed a basis for several art movements. Van Gogh was an important artist in the late 19th century Symbolist movement. Symbolism emerged in France between 1885 and 1910 as a reaction against Realism and Impressionism. The symbolic value or meaning of an artwork came from the recreation of emotional experiences in the viewer through color, line, and composition. The first works of van Gogh were produced through Color Symbolism. He fel t that certain colors had a symbolic meaning, as he associated them with different moods.Dark blue and black signified dread and fear, light and brighter tones, such as turquoise and yellow were used to create a sense of peace and calm. Van Sago's preferred color was yellow; he strongly linked this color with happiness and warmth. His Sunflowers 1888) painting evidently features many shades of yellow as it was painted during one of the most hopeful times of van Sago's life. His tendency to make stress on symbolic colors became a worldwide phenomenon in various cultures. Van Sago's guidance on Symbolism had a large practice in the following art movements, Fauvism and Expressionism.Van Gogh was involved in the development of Fauvism. It was the first 20th century movement in modern art, a short-lived approach to painting focused in France between 1900 and 1908. Van Sago's experiments with paint application, subject matter, form and most significantly, pure unmixed color undistributed to the beginnings that brought forth Fauvism. Henry Matisse was a prominent leader in the Fauvist movement. He created the Fauve style after experimenting with several Post-Impressionist approaches, primarily the technique of Vincent van Gogh.Matisse's influence inspired him to reject traditional methods of perception however he retained the realistic values of Impressionism. He adopted van Sago's use of strong colors and loose application of it into his work. In 1901, Maurice De Villains encountered a display of van Sago's work at the Galleries Beriberi-Jejune in Paris. â€Å"I was so moved that I wanted to cry with Joy and despair. On that day I loved van Gogh more than I loved my father†, he declared. This turned Villains decisively towards an art career indebted to van Gogh.Ultimately, Villains became an original member of the Fauve group, alongside Henry Matisse. Together, they formally launched Fauvism at the 1905 Salon autonomy. Van Gogh once wrote to his brother Thee, â€Å"Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more arbitrarily in order to express myself forcibly†¦ To exaggerate the essential and to leave the obvious vague†, this confirms his technique which was used excessively by the Fauvists. Van Sago's unique style clearly had an influence upon later artists which stemmed into the establishment Fauvism.The first phase of the 20th century Expressionist movement was led by van Gogh. The movement originated from Germany and had spread across Europe lasting from 1905 to 1920. Expressionism came into existence as a reaction against Impressionism; it was mainly inspired by the expressive and symbolist currents in late 19th century art. In the words of art critic Sue Hubbard, â€Å"At the beginning of the twentieth century Van Gogh gave the Expressionists a new painterly language that enabled them to go beyond reface appearance and penetrate deeper essential truths†.He proved particularly influential on the Expressionists encouraging them to employ symbolic colors, distorted forms, surfaces and shapes to produce a highly emotional effect. Van Gogh was more popular in Germany than anywhere else. German Expressionist, Ernest Ludwig Kerchief and other artists of Die Brooke (The Bridge) were fascinated by van Sago's technique, adopting his dramatic brushwork and sharp color contrasts. Another major German Expressionist, Vastly Sandusky and the artists of the Deer Blade Ritter (The Blue Rider) movement lasting from 1911 to 1914, admired van Gogh or rejecting visible reality in his artworks.Private collectors and museum directors in Germany were among the first to purchase van Sago's work, providing evidence that he was in fact involved in the beginning of the Expressionist movement. Jackson Pollock and Willie De Cooking were arguably the most important pioneers of Abstract Expressionism who were influenced by van Gogh in the sass and sass. The artists have been described as , â€Å"†¦ Powerfully inventive developing a radically new approach to painting† . Yet, their work was not completely original; they incorporated van Sago's experimental technique of sweeping, expressive restructures into their artworks.Vincent brushstrokes reflected his mood; he used many short, broken strokes to create a sense of agitation, and longer brushstrokes to convey a feeling of greater calm. His technique was used excessively by Abstract Expressionists, having a moderate impact on the movement. Artists today are still inspired by van Sago's unique vision. ‘America's Vincent van Gogh' of the 21st century is currently leading Contemporary Impressionists. Stefan Duncan has been greatly influenced by van Gogh in that he uses a vibrant, kinetic style with an updated quinine to draw quick unblended strokes into long curvy lines.His impressionistic approach attempts to capture nature's beauty in all of his work. Duncan has currently classified his art approa ch into a new branch of Impressionism known as, Squiggles. The new Contemporary Impressionists strive to prove that van Sago's style is no longer a dead art form and is still developing and altering with the times. The legacies of van Sago's work have contributed to modern cultural depiction of art. Van Gogh produced 900 paintings and made 1,100 sketches in the last ten years of is life, while only selling one of them in his career, The Red Vineyard (1888).His most acclaimed works were created within a span less than three years, a time in which he suffered from mental illness and instability. Greatly contrasting his lifetime of poverty, Van Sago's paintings have become extremely iconic; some have established record prices being among the world's most expensive paintings, such as his portrait of Dry. Cachet (1890), sold for hundreds of millions of dollars. Thus, the works of van Gogh contain aspects of high culture that are seen as of lasting artistic alee, furthering how art is now culturally depicted.A majority of our greatest painters enjoyed fame and often wealth during their lifetime; however van Sago's reputation steadily increased after his death. The dramatic elements of his personal tale involved poverty, self-mutilation, mental breakdown and suicide. Sadly, his mental state has tended to overshadow modern perceptions of his art. Van Gogh has become almost inseparable from his work inspiring others to dramatist his saga in poems, novels, films, operas, dance ensembles, orchestral compositions and popular music.Lust for Life† (1956) is a biographical film of the life of van Gogh, based on Irving Stone's 1932 novel. It describes the origins of van Sago's paintings and letters between him and his brother, Thee. The film reveals van Gogh as a tortured genius and recounts significant moments in his lifetime, particularly his suffering from mental illness and obsession with painting. Van Sago's conception as an artist is largely based on his reputatio n and personal tale which has had an overall impact on how art is now culturally depicted. Vincent van Gogh has become enormously influential on art over the last 200 years.His involvement in the early development of Symbolism, Fauvism and Expressionism as well as various other aspects of art has shaped our present world. Van Gogh has clearly demonstrated that painting was not merely a study of the visible surroundings, but also an expression of the artist's emotional response. Consequently, artists continue to mimic his signature style. His artwork legacy and personal tale has inspired countless people to become art involved. Van Gogh will persistently be regarded as one of history greatest painters and a vital contributor to the foundations of modern art.

The Decision to Drop the Bomb essays

The Decision to Drop the Bomb essays President Trumans decision to drop the atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was unnecessary, rash, inhumane, and had many negative consequences. Truman didnt allow enough time to study the effects of the bomb, and his hasty decision resulted in a horrific number of deaths, as well as long-lasting and unforseen effects both for Japan and for the rest of the world. Truman was attempting to bring an end to conflict, but he did not consider that dropping the bomb might be dangerous for the long term security of our world. In this essay I plan to argue that Trumans decision was made out of fear rather than necessity, and that his rash decision caused more harm than good. On August 6th, 1945, the United States dropped the first nuclear bomb ever used in war on Hiroshima, Japan. Only three days later, the second and last nuclear bomb ever used in war was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. These two bombings ended World War II in Asia, or the Pacific theater of operations. On August 15th, 1945, nine days after the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the United States and its allies. The decision of American leaders to drop the bombs was a very rash choice. Not only was Trumans decision to drop the first bomb hasty, but the United States waited just three days to drop the second bomb on Nagasaki. Truman did not allow nearly enough time for the Japanese to surrender before attacking again. Also, President Truman didnt even know about the atom bomb when he was vice president; he found out after he was sworn in as president. He obviously didnt know enough about the bomb or its effects to make an educated decision. Trumans decision was also rushed because he feared Japan as an enemy. He felt threatened by the Japanese because of their extreme loyalty to their country, and he knew they wouldnt back down easily. This fear was part of his decision ...

Comparion Of Destinations For Fishing Vacations Tourism Essays

Comparion Of Destinations For Fishing Vacations Tourism Essays Comparion Of Destinations For Fishing Vacations Tourism Essay Comparion Of Destinations For Fishing Vacations Tourism Essay The odor of the sea, the spray in your face and the sound of the marlin sizzling in the fire, that is what a fishing holiday is all about. It is a H2O escapade and an alien geographic expedition all at the same clip. Many topographic points such as Guatemala, Belize and the Falkland Islands have come on to the map of universe touristry chiefly due to their astonishing fishing evidences. Even popular finishs such as Hawaii and Mauritius have 1000s of travellers sing them each twelvemonth to indulge entirely in fishing. Fishing holidaies have been deriving popularity of all time since they were introduced as an add-on to box touring. Nowadays, about every travel bureau and circuit operator offers angling holidaies for clients. These offerings can be every bit basic as merely forming the sailing boat to taking persons to angle evidences or every bit dynamic as an across-the-board fishing holiday. Most people opt for fishing as one of the activities of the holiday, but some visit topographic points merely to run them down. An across-the-board fishing holiday is a approval in camouflage. An across-the-board fishing holiday is designed and managed by circuit operators as per the client s penchants. It takes attention of all possible aspects of a holiday from conveyance and lodging to angling equipment and waterway entree. Tour operators by and large have pre-planned bundles for holidaies to the popular fishing finishs. On the other manus, less frequented Michigans may non be charted out for an across-the-board travel. However, certain circuit operators will make a holiday program for clients given some sum of clip. When set uping for across-the-board fishing holidaies, the full disbursal for the trip is to be paid up front and this cost is normally much lower than persons paying for each characteristic individually. However, a certain sum of cautiousness is advised while paying since the averments of the operator can non be confirmed. The best to acquire around this job is to obtain citations from at least five celebrated circuit operators and so take the most suited. Fishing VACATIONS PACKAGES Some people go on holidaies to wind off and watch the universe base on balls by and other travel to catch up on life and all that they stopped making due to the deficiency of clip. Fishing in add-on to being a pickup that can accommodate the gustatory sensation of both these sorts of travellers, is besides an activity that the full household can bask. Fishing holidaies can be of two types. The first sort is where angling takes up a big portion of the holiday clip, but other activities and mainland travel besides find topographic point on the agenda. The other type of angling holiday is spent about entirely on and around assorted H2O organic structures and no other activity is given much importance. The first assortment is suited for households and water-sport partisans where as the 2nd fishing holiday is designed for those who are into competitory fishing. Fishing holiday bundles are available for both types of travellers and cover a broad scope of angling finishs. Fishing holiday bundles by and large cover the rudimentss such as ticket engagement, adjustment agreements and the conveyance to angling evidences. A circuit operator lays out a travel program that is by and large formulated without the inputs of the traveller. Travel bureaus execute the program and at times agents accompany going parties to do the procedure drum sander. Packages can be enhanced to include other installations such as rental vehicles, repasts and site visual perception. At times the bundle can besides widen to include a assortment of angling finishs across different states. Such bundles could really good connote that travellers can stagger in Salmon from the Alaskan seashore one hebdomad, so be cruising across the Cape of Good Hope and still hold clip to angle for Marlin in the Great Barrier Reef. Package Tourss can be rather a alleviation for those who find holiday planning tiresome. However, one thing needs to be kept in head that with a bundle fishing circuit, people have to travel with what the circuit operator offers. There can be great pecuniary benefit but at times the independency to make one s ain thing is lost. DEEP SEA FISHING VACATIONS The sea can be a horrid enemy that can wipe out life in a affair of proceedingss or a dependable friend that will maintain the deepest secret. The human captivation of the sea began with the really first primitive that stepped off the land to claim his luck in the H2O. In the enormousness of the ocean, worlds can pass eons and yet come back for more. There can be few things as quieting to the nervousnesss racked by worldly force per unit area as the deep blue sea. There is no noise except the lapping H2O and no intervention except blowing air current and there are few better ways to bask this repose than indulging in some deep-sea fishing. Although deep-sea fishing holidaies are non every bit popular as other fishing holidaies, the construct is catching on. Deep see angling refers to runing fish that dwell at least 200 m below the surface of the H2O and is carried out at least two stat mis off the seashore. This kind of fishing requires major investings of clip and therefore deep-sea fishing holidaies are non the best manner to pass clip with households. Fish such as the Anglers, Lantern fish and assortments of Shark make the deep-sea their place. Due to the rapid diminution in such species, deep-sea fishing is illegal in many countries of the universe. Hence, before shiping on deep-sea fishing holidaies, persons need to look into up on the environmental background of the countries. Besides many times, particular governmental permission is required to carry on fishing activities in a peculiar portion of the territorial Waterss. Deep-sea fishing requires specialised equipment such as luminescent enticements and longer thicker lines. These things are non available everyplace and so travellers must go forth for their holidaies to the full prepared. Owing to the deficiency of popularity, it is improbable that regular going bureaus will be able to plan an reliable deep-sea fishing holiday bundle for clients. Most bureaus that claim to make so really carry on sea and beach fishing Tourss that may or may non include deep-sea Sessionss. COSTA RICA FISHING VACATIONS Think of the Caribbean and instantly images of deep blue Waterss, colourful reefs and stretches of flaxen beach flood the head. The part is a fishing Eden and makes for some of the most electrifying fishing holidaies in the full universe. Although many states such as Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela holding coastlines along the Caribbean Sea, the most visited fishing holiday finish is Costa Rica. The chief ground for this, apart organize the rancid American dealingss with the staying states, is the location of Costa Rica. The Costa Rican seashore signifiers portion of a sheltered cove and the surrounding Waterss are unagitated and placid even when the staying Caribbean is disruptive with tropical storms. Furthermore, the Continental shelf, where the fishes are most abundant, stretches from Cost Rica for a really long distance into the sea, doing it one of the most perfect fishing evidences in the universe. Costa Rica offers visitants the chance to angle in rivers, along the beach or in the deep sea and there are agreements to take travellers to take finishs. The state has many angling hot spots that have been converted in to vacation small towns to function those on angling holidaies. They have commissariats for all the necessary equipment and water-transport, which visitants can lease for a specified figure of hours. Visitors have the chance to see fly-fishing, sail fishing or Tarpon atlanticus fishing all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. In fact, the fish available in the H2O as per season has merely three categorizations good, really good and first-class. Visitors can swear local ushers to demo them the best fishing musca volitanss in each season. The small towns besides have installations to entertain members of the going group that do nt happen fishing every bit amusive as the others. These include cultural accoutrements shop, java plantations, horseback equitation and visits to t he antediluvian ruins in the state. Since Costa Rica is seeking to advance itself as a fishing finish, about all travel bureaus have Costa Rica angling holidaies on offer. TROPICAL Fishing VACATIONS Fishing has been popular all over the universe as a avocation every bit good as a athletics. Many people take to it as a signifier of relaxation and therefore a fishing holiday becomes the most ideal program for them in the vacations. The country that lies between the Torrid Zones of Cancer and Capricorn is called the Tropical zone. This part receives the maximal sum of sunshine every bit good as rainfall and is considered the most fertile on the planet. The tropical Waterss have ever been the best hunting evidences for fish and fishing is the staple signifier of nutriment in the surrounding parts. Most of the fishing that is carried out in the tropical Waterss is commercial, nevertheless many coastal citations and small towns offer tourists the opportunity to see a tropical fishing holiday. The best topographic points to prosecute in some tropical fishing are the coastal Waterss of Australia s Northern Territories and the Caribbean states such as Costa Rica and Belize. The islands in the Indian Ocean such as Mauritius, Andaman A ; Nicobar and Bali among others are finishs for fishing every bit good as alien beach holidaies. In North America, the Florida Keys has made a name for itself as a tropical fishing land. Many circuit operators provide across-the-board holidaies and angling holiday bundles to the Torrid Zones. However, non all tropical states fall on this list, as some are hostile towards visitants or are excessively hapless to back up a touristry industry. Furthermore, the tropic is normally hot and people non used to the clime can easy fall quarry to the heat. Besides, the Torrid Zones are a hotbed for diseases such as malaria and dandy fever and visitants are advised to take all necessary safeguards to safeguard their wellness. Apart from these jobs, the Torrid Zones are a oasis of natural beauty with everything from privy beaches to dense wood with some of the universe s most rare natural life. It is recommended that travellers seek out all the bangs of tropical life even if they are at that place merely to angle. MEXICO Fishing VACATIONS The North American state of Mexico is renowned for its antediluvian admirations and the countrified manner of life. However, the state has astonishing coastlines and the publicity of fishing as a tourer activity is fast catching on. With the Pacific Ocean to the West and the Atlantic to the East, H2O about envelops the state of Mexico. The clime is more or less tropical and fishing can be carried all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Many resorts have been set up in recent old ages to advance fishing holidaies for households and twosomes. These are chiefly found studing the coastal countries of the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico. The state besides has a little extent of coastal Waterss in the Caribbean Sea and many Tourss are organized from different parts of the state to assist tourers savor the bang of fishing in the Caribbean. The touristry ministry itself organizes holidaies for going groups that are based on the construct of enjoyment in the H2O. These bundles include rafting, surfing and deep sea plunging in add-on to fishing and offer visitants the opportunity to see the wildlife and natural beauty of the state. Mexico has installations for about all types of fishing activities that exist in the universe. There is fly-fishing along the Baja seashore, where visitants can anticipate to stagger in xanthous five Tuna or Green Jackss or if travellers prefer bigger bites so there is the option of deep-sea fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. Sometimes Mexico is visited as portion of an all-American fishing holiday and at times people besides get to see the state entirely and see all the fishing it has to offer. Mexico fishing holidaies are frequently long trips where travellers crisscross the state to make the best fishing evidences. Very frequently, these trips are organized entirely for amateurs and they are learning the fast ones of the trade on the manner. LUXURY FISHING VACATIONS It was earlier thought that the words fishing and luxury could non look in the same sentence because one refers to worldly amenitiess and the other to acquiring down and soil along riversides. But the touristry industry has overcome bigger jobs and their construct of luxury fishing holidaies is fast going a phenomenon the universe over. Fishing has been a popular past-time activity for many old ages, with people all over the universe turning to it as a kind of loosen uping escapade. With the lifting celebrity of certain parts of the universe as fishing and water-sport hot spots the private fishing industry has boomed. People engage in travel to the remotest parts of the universe in order to acquire that one large gimmick lighting worldwide angling trips. This had lead to the debut of holiday bundles centered on fishing, designed to delight everyone from households to seasoned fishermen. Many of these holidaies besides include activities such as rafting, scuba diving and nature trails for environmental consciousness. Some fishing holidaies are besides based in beach towns and fishing small towns that offer traveler a opportunity to see the local life every bit good as the fishing. What s more is that such resorts have activities that can maintain kids and other members of the group that do non wish to angle occupied . Luxury angling holidaies refer to the luxury cruises aboard yachts and sail line drives focused on client comfort. These are entirely marine trips, although some will pass at least a twenty-four hours or two near estuaries and riversides. Fishing Stationss are set up at the bow and travellers are encouraged to dunk their lines every clip the ship ground tackles. The ship by and large carries excess fishing equipment, but riders are free to utilize their ain things every bit good. Ushers move to and fro among the fishing crowd to give information on the part of the sea and place the species caught. Amateurs can besides avail of lessons on board. SALTWATER FISHING VACATIONS Fishing holidaies have truly caught on in the universe of travel and have converted an vague avocation in to a well-loved signifier of amusement. Most travellers have a preference for fishing in the unfastened sea and to provide to them, travel operators have come up with advanced seawater angling holiday bundles. Fishing holidaies are a fun manner to pass clip with loved 1s while prosecuting in a relaxing activity. Many topographic points around the universe have dedicated a important sum of their fishing activities to advance touristry. Coastal parts are now equipped with vacation resorts and holiday small towns that conduct daily angling trips in to the local Waterss. Most of these resorts are located along privy beaches, surrounded by warm tropical Waterss. Therefore, with a fishing holiday, travellers get to see some of the most alien locations the universe has to offer. Furthermore, many fishing holidaies concentrate on pointing the travellers towards nature and keep regular kayaking and trekking expeditions along with the fishing trip. Saltwater fishing is carried out in salty or brackish H2O along the seashores, in the deep-sea or in estuaries and swamps. Beach angling refers to projecting the line from the land or from boats anchored near to the beach. It is the most successful signifier of angling on a holiday since most of the fish species are found near to the seashore. Visitors can anticipate to catch Tuna, Cod, Pike and Barracuda. However, safeguards need to be taken because unsafe species such as Lionfish and Bow-jellies are besides based in the shoals near the seashore. Deep-sea fishing is much more boring and requires fishing-enthusiasts to travel approximately two stat mis off from the seashore. Many of the fish caught in this part of the ocean such as Anglers and Hatchet are non comestible. Furthermore, the deep-sea environment has been seeing drastic debasement due to over-fishing and any such activity carried out in the part will merely harm the eco-system farther. Estuary fishing is chiefly fly-fishi ng and requires travellers to acquire down and soil within the swamps. FLORIDA FISHING VACATIONS The southern province of sunlight Florida has a batch of grounds to pull visitants. The Everglades, the beaches, the cabarets and so much more that keeps people clamouring to return to the provinces all the clip. One thing, nevertheless that does non have really high on the list of attractive forces is the fishing that the Waterss around Florida offer. The Florida Keys that prevarication within the Gulf of Mexico are the scenes for some of the most exiting fishing in the universe. The parts have great conditions conditions and the H2O are pullulating with fishes of every assortment. Each season different assortments populate the H2O and about all of them are suited as gimmick. Visitors can bask staggering in some Bass, Crappies, Trout and even the occasional Shark in these Waterss. However, since the Shark populations are on a crisp diminution in the universe s Waterss and we stand a hazard of fring sharks wholly, travellers are advised to let go of any shark they might catch without even hesitating to take a image. Fishing for athletics is all right plenty, but is non favourable at the cost of the natural environment. Florida besides has many resorts and Lodges that are dedicated merely to angling vacationists. These concentrate more on serious fishing and are likely non the ideal topographic point to pass a household holiday. Some offer other services such as trekking, white-water rafting and kayaking that enhance the H2O bang experience for angling partisans. Some of the topographic points are located on the Florida mainland, within the wooded parts and are ideal musca volitanss for fresh-water fishing and fly-fishing. Many Lodges offer guided Tourss to the topographic points with the best gimmick and frequently give instructions to amateurs to assist them with the rudimentss of fishing. Many circuit operators offer package trades for Florida fishing holidaies, which include all agreements from travel to adjustment. These bundles can be across-the-board or designed to merely cover the basic installations as per required. At times, the bundle covers a round-the-world fishing trip with Florida as a halt in between. CANADIAN CABIN FISHING VACATIONS Nature offers persons the perfect chance to commune with themselves and indulge in some self-analysis. Populating wholly in the lap of nature, in a mountain cabin and trekking to the nearest pool to angle, is for most people, a holiday in Eden. Among the topographic points that make the perfect finish for cabin fishing holidaies is Canada, with its beautiful wilderness and ample fish assortments. Cabin fishing holidaies, although do nt supply these comfortss, are far better options for persons who want to pass an adventuresome holiday. Canada has an extended stretches of uninhabited land and forest right from the sea degree to the extremums of the Rockies. This part is hotspot for runing partisans as a assortment of game such as Elk, Caribou and Reindeer flock these lands. However, carnal rights groups allege that inordinate hunting is destructing the state s zoology and serious protests have taken topographic point to the consequence. But the authorities has yet to implement a prohibition on runing due to the net incomes that are made out of legalized hunting seasons. Unlike runing big animate beings, fishing is non considered controversial since it is the staple signifier of support in the part. The streams come alive with all types of salmon, signifier Chinook to Pink, in the one-year spawning season doing Canadian states the best fishing evidences in the universe. Other fish such as Pike, Sturgeon and Steelheads are besides available in plentifulness and the best topographic points to put up cantonments are British Columbia, Chilliwack and Fraser vale. These topographic points have been developed to some extent as tourer attractive forces with cabins and mountain Lodges that offer a hermit to visitants. In spring, travellers can emerge from these cabins and walk down to the river and lakes to indulge in some fly-fishing and pass the afternoon on the shore cooking their gimmick. In the early months of fall and winter, travellers can take to frost fishing and spend hours on the frozen lakes trusting to catch a bite. SPORT FISHING VACATIONS Each twelvemonth, 100s of featuring events are held all over the universe for angling partisans, doling out 1000s of dollars in award money. But for most participants it is the bang of the Hunt and non the award money that makes a athleticss angling holiday appealing. A holiday dedicated to fishing, although a popular thought would non look like the best manner to pass clip with household and friends. This is because fishing is a lone activity that requires long hours of forbearance and silence and is best done in small company. However, athleticss fishing is wholly different since it s a competition that attracts a batch of people. Sports fishing or trophy fishing foremost became popular in England as a royal past clip and since so has spread to every corner of the universe. Unlike the medieval times nevertheless, athleticss fishing is far more human these yearss and most events end with the fish being weighed, measured and released. Few events are barbarous plenty to kill the fish, gut it and put it on a plaque to function as a trophy and most that do so, do it illicitly. Many circuit operators arrange holiday bundles that take travellers to angling competitions over a broad scope of finishs. The visited venues include everything from fly-fishing in British Columbia to deep-sea fishing in the Great Barrier Reef. The athleticss fishing activities can last from a twosome of hours to a figure of yearss, although the existent holiday normally runs much longer. The general manner of planning is to see a location at a clip when a assortment of angling events are being held in different topographic points and for different degrees of experiences. These bundles by and large include the supply of angling rods and come-ons that are suited to the country s fishing demands. The agreements for rental boats, dories and other H2O vass to transport travellers to the fishing evidences are besides made. Before go forthing on a athleticss fishing holiday, travellers must guarantee that the circuit operator has given them precisely what was promised. GUATEMALA FISHING VACATIONS Fishing has been an activity of leisure for many old ages and today has become the driving force behind some of the most adventuresome holidaies in the universe. With fishing comes the reference of cheery beaches and crystal clear H2O and there are few topographic points on Earth that have these installations in every bit much copiousness as the Caribbean. Most states along the Caribbean Sea are hustling topographic points full of life and activity, where fishing is a manner of life. One such state is Guatemala that lies between the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The state has been under continued habitation of all time since the Maya prospered here in the first millenary of the Common Era. From the Mayan civilisation through the Spanish conquering and even after independency, the people continue to depend upon the sea for all their demands. Fishing holidaies have been in being of all time since worlds stopped angling for endurance and started to angle for diversion. Since so, fishing has become one of the first holiday activities because it is a athletics and a relaxation activity all at the same clip. The most popular finishs for fishing holidaies are the seaside towns in little states like Guatemala. The chief ground for this is that these topographic points are inexpensive and offer an chance for a luxury fishing holidaies even at low budgets. Topographic points like Guatemala have been the sights of bloody revolution for many old ages. To alter the feeling that people have of Guatemala as a dictatorial government, the state has made rather a few attempts to advance touristry. One of them has been to project the coastal towns as angling hot spots and utilize them to pull angling partisans from all over the universe. There are many athleticss angling events held and the fishing season is unfastened all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Trout, tuna, Cod and Pomfret are available in copiousness and each seashore has its ain portion of alone species as good. Many going bureaus and circuit operators help tourers plan their Guatemala fishing holiday and arrange bundles and across-the-board Tourss for groups every bit good.

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'Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet' - Questions Published in 2009, this historical fiction novel has been a book club favorite since it was released. Use these book club discussion questions on by Jamie Ford to lead your book club into Fords novel. Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie Ford. Finish the book before reading on. Why do you think Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet was told in flashbacks? What perspective can an older Henry give?How was Henrys relationship with Marty different than his relationship with his father? How was it the same? Even though tradition was important to both men, how did Henry and his father view tradition and heritage differently?Was the information the novel presented about Japanese-American internment new to you? What did you learn?Do you think Henry was right to stay with Ethel even after he found out about his fathers deceit? Should he have searched for Keiko?Do you think Ethel knew what was happening to Henrys letters?If you were Henry, could you forgive your father?What do you think happened after the novel ended?Rank Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet by Jamie Ford on a scale of 1 to 5.

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Current Issue In Accounting (Accounting Theory) - Essay Example Accounting is considerably a measurement tool since it assesses the value and returns of the company in comparison to the costs. The measurement of fair values (FV) of assets is inclusive of numerous aspects, for example, market risk or credit risk. According to Schroeder, Clark & Cathey (2010) the U.S GAAP standards differ in specificity of the valuation models. Some corporations determine the fair value (FV) of their assets and liabilities as a net amount, and not them in their singularity. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) emphasizes that is imperative for corporations to associate their measurements on their business strategy approach (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey 2010). Part A: Measurement in Accounting Theory Measurement of financial statements encompasses the inclusion of accounting principles that will establish the true worth of the corporation of item (Schroeder, Clark& Cathey 2010). Some of the regulators of financial institutions argue that measurement of all f inancial instruments can generate predicaments in assessing the true value of the commodities. As such, measurement in accounting entails a collection of theories that conform to particular items but not a general formula. According to Christian and Musvoto (2011), there is no single approach to measurement theory. They assert that measurement theory in accounting can exist in two forms, which include â€Å"Representation Theory of Measurement† and â€Å"Classical Theory of Measurement† (Christian & Musvoto 2011). Representational measurement is what accounting standards are utilizing to in valuing the progress and items of an institution. Measurement models a. Historical cost Historical Cost entails recording the financial assets in the market value that was given to acquire it during the purchase period. The value of the asset is recorded inclusive of the liabilities that were considered during the exchange at their market values. The historical cost comprises of det ermination of the present value of the item after deducting the depreciation amount of the commodity over the years in use. The original value of the asset will be depreciated using two approaches either the â€Å"straight line method† or the â€Å"reducing balance method† (Walton & Aerts 2006). These depreciation adjustments will depend on the specification of the accounting principles applied by the company. The deductions on the assets of the institutions are made to the prior valuations and not the current values of the assets (Pratt 2011). The assets and liabilities held for trading functions is recorded under the market value method but the long-term financial products, for example, loans are measured under the historical cost approach. Advantages of Historical cost The asset is valued at the initial price and not at the market value thus making it easier to ascertain the useful life of the asset. Initial costs are better at ascertaining the true value of the com modity and an individual can prudently determine the gains from it (Walton & Aerts 2006). In addition, historical cost is easily comprehensive than the alternative measurement models since it entails adjustments to the consideration value of the asset. Subsequently, it is not intricate to calculate the historical cost, unlike other models since most of the costs have been determined. Disadvantages According to Walton &

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Titus andronicus by william shakespeare - Essay Example In the first passage chosen for this paper, Titus Andronicus tells Saturninus that he in fact killed his two sons, and then proceeded to mix their flesh with pie, which their mother then unwittingly ate: â€Å"Why, there they are both, baked in that pie;/ Whereof their mother daintily hath fed,/ Eating the flesh that she herself hath bred. Tis true, tis true; witness my knifes sharp point. (Shakespeare). In this passage two things are worth noting. One is that Titus seemed to be proud of the fact that he had killed two people, and both of them the sons of the person he is addressing. If this were an act of revenge, or an act where a noble man kills men who were evil and had done some terrible wrong to others, then this boasting would have remained within the confines of sane narration. What makes this killing so monstrous is that Titus was not content with killing the two sons, but we read between the lines that he had prepared their flesh and mixed them with pie, precisely so he co uld feed the flesh of her dead sons to their mother. There is no sense to this, and no justification, other than to show that Titus lacked remorse. It was unnecessary to do things this way. The purpose of the monstrous in this case seems to be just to demonstrate how inhuman the whole cascade of events was. The killing and the subsequent baking and feeding of the pie to the mother was gratuitous, totally uncalled for by the turn of events. This aspect of the killing is what makes the act so monstrous and totally inhuman (Shakespeare). Elsewhere we see just how Titus killed the two sons. He did so with the help of Lavinia, who held the basin that caught the blood from the slit throats of the two brothers. We understand that Lavinia suffered much from the two, but the measure of her revenge seemed to go beyond the bounds of what is human too. She could have just had them killed, but she chose to see the killing, and she chose to do so

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Assessing International Business Opportunities and Risk with reference to KFCs operations in India - Case Study Example Social Factors influencing the decision: Primarily India is religious country where people believe in tradition and religion. Also by nature a majority of the people are vegetarians who have the habit of eating an occasional snack of non vegetarian food. Hence the entry of a Multi national company into India just to supply chicken infuriated them, also the methods used to kill the chicken were thought of as cruel by Animal Protection activists like PETA. Many popular people who support vegetarianism like Anoushka Shankar, daughter of popular sitarist Pandit Ravi Shankar, John Abraham, A movie star, Raveena Tandon, Model and movie star etc. The social conditions in India actually are loaded in favor of KFC, what was lacking is the social setting which is totally against them initially. This is due to KFC’s inability to adapt to the cultural settings of Asian countries like India. Technological factors: Traditionally Indians prefer food made at home or in the traditional setting with a minimum of technology. So when KFC came into with all its international name and latest equipment then it is bound to disappoint any traditional India. Moreover Indian food is served hot and never preserved. They believe that food stored for periods will lose its nutritious values. So when KFC started to use a flavor enhancing agent PETA started agitations against that. The moral of the story is that technology in it self is not the bane. The application of which has to be limited in certain contexts and placed like cooking in India Result: Not in favor of KFC. Environmental factors: If there is one thing that lured KFC to India it is the changing entire Asian markets are opening up and India is cornering all the glory in this context. Because of the globalization the environment is fast changing In India and this is a huge plus for KFC

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Abandoned vehicle problem 2 - Assignment Example It has been found that countries such as New Zealand have in place a well-thought procedure to deal with abandoned vehicles, based on the method of categorisation. It is observed that these vehicles can bring about certain uncalled-for social or community concerns such as fire in these vehicles, leakage of hazardous liquids from the vehicles and the use of such vehicles for certain criminal activities among others. Therefore, Saudi Arabia, which can be termed as one of emerging nations, needs to upgrade its existing mechanism to deal with the abandoned vehicles related problem which can facilitate not only social well-being but environmental protection as well. Table of Contents Summary 2 Introduction 4 Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles 5 Video Related to the Issue 6 The Risk of Abandoned Vehicles Problem 7 Comparison of the Process of New Zealand and KSA for Dealing with Abandoned Vehicles 9 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In re lation to the rapid pace of globalisation, it has been apparent that the nations often face different challenges in terms of protecting their environmental position. From the observation of different cases, it has been found that the continuously increasing number of abandoned vehicles is creating a major and prominent issue for the countries to protect their environmental effectiveness. ... n of this report will be focused on highlighting the present ever-increasing negative impacts of abandoned vehicles on street within the environment of KSA. The discussion of the report would mainly incorporate four major aspects namely, the removal policies and practices of the abandoned vehicles in New Zealand (NZ), which has apparently been able to control this issue by a considerable extent along with analysing their process in order to maintain an appropriate mechanism. A short related video is also presented concerning the issue of abandoned vehicles. Moreover, the report would also focus on identifying the potential risks of abandoned vehicles problem in KSA as well as comparing the removal policies of both the countries regarding the growing issue of abandoned vehicles. Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles Abandoned vehicles can be regarded as a major and leading problematic concern for the global nations which tend to create signifi cant obstacles in the countries’ motor vehicle regulations. In relation to the governmental regulations and policies regarding the issue of abandoned vehicles, it has been observed that New Zealand possesses a well-built regulatory process which incorporates adequate policies to ensure the reduction of the issues associated with abandoned vehicles. The ‘Local Government Amendment Act (No. 6)’ of the year 1992 is responsible for dealing with the problems arising from abandoned vehicles within the country. The policies underneath the Act involve certain distinct processes for protecting vehicles from blocking roadways or inhibiting traffic flows within different districts of the country (Kapiti Coast District Council, 2013). The policies further ensure to take adequate measures against

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Abandoned vehicle problem 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abandoned vehicle problem 2 - Assignment Example It has been found that countries such as New Zealand have in place a well-thought procedure to deal with abandoned vehicles, based on the method of categorisation. It is observed that these vehicles can bring about certain uncalled-for social or community concerns such as fire in these vehicles, leakage of hazardous liquids from the vehicles and the use of such vehicles for certain criminal activities among others. Therefore, Saudi Arabia, which can be termed as one of emerging nations, needs to upgrade its existing mechanism to deal with the abandoned vehicles related problem which can facilitate not only social well-being but environmental protection as well. Table of Contents Summary 2 Introduction 4 Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles 5 Video Related to the Issue 6 The Risk of Abandoned Vehicles Problem 7 Comparison of the Process of New Zealand and KSA for Dealing with Abandoned Vehicles 9 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In re lation to the rapid pace of globalisation, it has been apparent that the nations often face different challenges in terms of protecting their environmental position. From the observation of different cases, it has been found that the continuously increasing number of abandoned vehicles is creating a major and prominent issue for the countries to protect their environmental effectiveness. ... n of this report will be focused on highlighting the present ever-increasing negative impacts of abandoned vehicles on street within the environment of KSA. The discussion of the report would mainly incorporate four major aspects namely, the removal policies and practices of the abandoned vehicles in New Zealand (NZ), which has apparently been able to control this issue by a considerable extent along with analysing their process in order to maintain an appropriate mechanism. A short related video is also presented concerning the issue of abandoned vehicles. Moreover, the report would also focus on identifying the potential risks of abandoned vehicles problem in KSA as well as comparing the removal policies of both the countries regarding the growing issue of abandoned vehicles. Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles Abandoned vehicles can be regarded as a major and leading problematic concern for the global nations which tend to create signifi cant obstacles in the countries’ motor vehicle regulations. In relation to the governmental regulations and policies regarding the issue of abandoned vehicles, it has been observed that New Zealand possesses a well-built regulatory process which incorporates adequate policies to ensure the reduction of the issues associated with abandoned vehicles. The ‘Local Government Amendment Act (No. 6)’ of the year 1992 is responsible for dealing with the problems arising from abandoned vehicles within the country. The policies underneath the Act involve certain distinct processes for protecting vehicles from blocking roadways or inhibiting traffic flows within different districts of the country (Kapiti Coast District Council, 2013). The policies further ensure to take adequate measures against

Poverty In Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty In Canada - Essay Example UNISEF has found out that child poverty rate in Canada, which is one among the wealthiest nations of the world, was 14.9% in 1990s (Raphael, p.11 of preface). Canada’s treatment of its â€Å"poor, single mothers and natives† had come even under the UN criticism and the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights had remarked that the â€Å"country has not ensured Canadians enjoy economic and social rights guaranteed by a UN covenant to which Ottawa is a signatory† (Raphael, 9). The CCSD National Task Force had given a comprehensive diagrammatic representation for measuring poverty and had listed â€Å"three important dimensions of well-being† as, â€Å"economic, psycho-social and political participation† (9). The review done by the task force has shown that Canadian society lacks in all these three dimensions to various degrees (CCSD National Task Force, 9-11). ... The gravity of the situation is so that â€Å"more than 3m Canadians (or one in ten) are poor; and 610,000 of them are children† (The Economist). Causes The major cause of poverty in Canada is found to be lower wages that people are getting. It is a social reality that, â€Å"market incomes have stagnated for all earners, except the most wealthy† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). In 2005, it was observed that â€Å"one in six Canadian workers earns less than $10 an hour† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). A contributing factor to the low-wage situation has been the â€Å"increases in non-standard work (contracts, part-time work, temporary agency work) and an increased number of so-called â€Å"involuntary part-time workers†-workers who would prefer to work full-time but are unable to find such work† (Global Economic Justice Report, 2). As compared to the other rich nations of the world, Canada spends very less money on minimum wages, health and social service investments, education, employment, training, and social infrastructure (Raphael, p.12 of preface). In Canada, it is noted that the people remain poor because, â€Å"the political and economic system does not provide employment wages or social assistance benefits at a level†¦that allow for a life outside of poverty† (Raphael, p.11 of preface). Also the public policy does not ensure, â€Å"affordable housing, childcare, and health and social services, thereby straining the resources available to†¦vulnerable groups† (Raphael, p.11-12 of preface). The housing problem was so grave for low-income earners that the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights had asked Canadian government to consider low-income housing as a

An Evaluation of Globalisation from Two Perspectives

An Evaluation of Globalisation from Two Perspectives Evaluation of Globalisation from Two Perspectives. As an Emotive Force, in Being Beneficial and a Key to  Future World Economic Development as well as  Being Inevitable and Irreversible. And as a Force that Increases Inequality Within and  Between Nations, Threatens Employment and  Living Standards and Thwarts Social Progress Introduction Globalisation as a word is that utilized in differing contexts within the public lexicon. It is one of â€Å"†¦ the most widely used- and misused – keyword †¦ in recent years, as well as being â€Å", one of the most rarely defined, the most nebulous and misunderstood, as well as the most politically effective †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beck and Camiller, 2000, p. 19). We tend to think of globalisation is as a modern term, first defined in the Merriam Webster Dictionary in 1944 (University of Pennsylvania, 2005) its historical roots in terms of it being a part of human history can be traced back â€Å"†¦ at least 5,000 years† (Wallerstein et al, 1980, p. 15). Said beginnings, â€Å"†¦ In the fifteenth and early sixteenth century †¦Ã¢â‚¬  is when the â€Å"†¦ European world-economy †¦Ã¢â‚¬  came into existence as â€Å"†¦ a kind of social system the world †¦(had) †¦ really known before and which is the distinctive feature of the modern world-system† (Wallerstein et al, 1980, p. 15). The underpinnings of why Wallerstein et al (1980, p. 15) take this view is that is represented an economic rather than political entity that differed from the â€Å"†¦ empires, city-states and nation-states †¦Ã¢â‚¬  that preceded it. Eisnstadt (1968, P. 41) helps to clarify the preceding by defining empire as a term utilized â€Å"†¦ to designate a political system encompassing wide, relatively high centralized territories †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which consisted of an emperor and â€Å"†¦ central political institutions †¦Ã¢â‚¬  And while empires were a primitive means by which economic domination was conducted, they laid the foundations for globalization through economic flows as represented by trade (Eisenstadt, 1961, pp. 82-107). The preceding has been utilized as an historical guide to the roots of globalisation, which is generally credited as being the individual credited with using it in an economic sense (Tedlow and Abdelal, 2005). Levitt’s definition of globalisation is based upon its applicability to corporations and products and what he termed as ‘homogenized demand’ (Tedlow and Abdelal, 2005). That view, while revolutionary at the time, in hindsight is a narrow conception of the broader concept that we understand globalisation to be in today’s terms. Shariff (2003, pp. 163-178) states that globalisation is the global process representing the homogenising of prices, wages, products, interest rates and profits that relies upon three forces, 1. human migration, 2. international trade, and 3. the swift movement of capital along with the integration of financial markets. Bhaqwati (2005, p. 3) advises that globalisation â€Å"†¦ can mean many things†. He focuses on glo balisation as being economic, constituting the â€Å"†¦ integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, direct foreign investment (by corporations and multinationals), short term capital flows, international flows of workers and †¦. flows of technology †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bhaqwati, 2005, p. 3). The World Bank, which agrees with Beck and Camiller (2000, p. 19) and states that there is no precise and universally agreed upon definition and, adds that over time it, globalisation, has come to encompass â€Å"†¦ cultural, political and other connotations in addition to the economic† (PREM Economic Policy Group and Development Economics Group, 2005). Their explanation of globalisation tends to focus on the economic side of the ledger, but adds that it, globalisation, is not uniform stating that in the poorer lesser developed countries it is more a case of being excluded from it rather than being impoverished by it (PREM Economic Policy Group and Development Economics Group, 2005). Hirst and Thompson (2001. p. 3) agree with the fact that there are broadly differing contexts attached to globalisation and that in today’s terms it largely means placing economic aspects in the forefront, keeping in mind the cultural, political, and social variables that are intertwin ed. The International Monetary Fund (2000) combines pieces of definitions from the preceding in stating that globalisation represents â€Å"†¦ a historical process †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which is attributable to â€Å"†¦ human innovation and technological progress†, and â€Å"†¦ refers to the increasing integration of economies †¦Ã¢â‚¬  on a global basis â€Å"†¦ particularly through trade and financial flows†. Stiglitz (2003, p. 4) asks the question as to â€Å"Why has globalization – a force that has brought so much good – become so controversial?† Bhaqwati (2005, p. 4) also asks this question as to â€Å"Why are the critics of globalization so agitated?† Hist and Thompson (2001. p. 2) also are quizzical as to this phenomenon. What is it about globalisation that has proponents lined up on one side, and antagonists on the other? This examination shall seek to equate both sides of this highly charged arena, looking at the views that see globalisation as an emotive force, where some see it as a process that is beneficial, representing a key to future global economic development that is not only inevitable, but irreversible as well. And on the other side of the fence there are those that view globalisation with hostility, and believe that is increases inequality between nations as well as within them, threatens employment along with living standards and thwarts soc ial progress. According to Giddens (2006), we are in the second phase of the debate on globalisation. His perspective is that there were discussions regarding the phase and attempting to determine what is was and is while it was unfolding. Giddens (2006) views us as being in the second phase of the debate as globalisation is firmly entrenched in economics, politics, cultural and social areas, as we again attempt to determine what it is, along with its consequences and how it can be properly accommodated. Whether one subscribes to this view is a matter of opinion, but the point is there is a debate on globalisation with one side seeing it as representing benefits to society, and the other as promoting inequalities and other negative connotations. Or, is that actually the case? Could it be that it is parts of globalisation that opponents are against? Could it be that the problem with globalisation is its inequality in that there are the nations gaining from it and distancing themselves from those la gging or being left behind? The questions are almost endless. In seeking to reach a determination, this examination will look at both side of the globalisation issue, offering those facets for and those against it. Ohmae (Ray, 2005) sees globalisation as the liberalisation of individuals, consumers, business corporations as well as regions from the confines of the nation state. He sees the world as representing a global village â€Å"†¦ because wealth will migrate across national borders†. He sees, in commercial terms, as well as in consumer terms that the world is â€Å"†¦ an increasingly borderless economy, a true global marketplace† with political influences seeking to control the process (Ohmae, 1996, p. 8). Yip (1989, p. 29) sees the process of globalisation as a ‘must’ facet that major business corporations have to participate in as a result of almost all products having foreign competitors. This preceding view not only means that a company needs to look at this from its own domestic market and staving off competition, but also from the viewpoint of growth and profits as there are customers to be won in foreign markets as well (Yip, 1989, p. 29). Yip’s corporate focus on globalisation looks at falling trade barriers as governments and regions understand the importance of opening their markets to enable them to enter others in a quid pro quo. The corporate process of globalisation results in increased competition, jobs, better products, innovation and lower prices as the lines between products, goods and services have become increasingly transparent, with consumers as the beneficiaries in the process. The opening up of markets, and the loosening of trade restrictions and borders is a positive contribution of globalisation as it makes the new battlefield one of profits, markets and expansion as opposed to conquest, war and destruction (Held et al, 1999. pp. 32-35). Globalisation’s main engine has been a result of economics, it is money that has underpinned the flow of products, printed materials, the Internet, documentaries and other informational exchanges, along with products, goods and services. The elements of increased trade have brought the need to stabilize currencies in order to permit the corporations within countries to effectively compete on the global stage and is an important underpinning resulting in the formation of the euro in the European Union. The foregoing has brought about a â€Å"†¦ high degree of economic interdependence among today’s economies †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the preceding reflects â€Å"†¦ the historical evolution of the world’s economic and political order† (Carbaugh, 2006, p. 3). Evidence of the equalization process of globalisation can be found in the example of the United States which was the most dominate economic and political nation after the end of World War II (Carbaugh, 2006, p. 3). This has been referred to as neocolonialism, which represents Imperial powers controlling other societies through economic means on the international stage, which resurfaced after WW II, having similarities to the colonialism periods of the sixteenth through twentieth centuries (Selfa, 2002). The foregoing is driven by economic means as capitalism represents â€Å"†¦ an economic mode †¦ that †¦ operate within an arena larger than †¦ any political entity can totally control †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wallerstein, 1976, pp. 230). The preceding has provided capitalists, and thus globalisation, with the foundation to pursue consistent â€Å"†¦ economic expansion of the world-system †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which Wallerstein (1976, pp. 230) argues is skewed in its distrib ution of rewards. Globalisation is thus a combination of political aims to strengthen national economies through â€Å"†¦ political power, authority and forms of rule †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Held et al, 1999, p. 32) that aids capitalism, commerce and companies. Globalisation has since evened the playing field as nations, regions and countries have devoted their efforts into strengthening their competitive positions in the commerce arena through regional trading blocks such as the European Union, ASEAN, SAARC, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other organizations evolved â€Å"†¦ the world community into a complicated system based on a growing interdependence among nations† (Carbaugh, 2006, p. 3). China has risen from a developing nation into a world power through its march into capitalism via the innovation of socialist economics, which retains the centralized Party control. Globalisation has aided in the preceding as well as the development of the Chinese military into a sophisticated technologically equipped force (Wortzel, 1994, pp. 168-170). The market reforms of 1978 has enabled the country to harness the commercial potential of its market of 1.3 billion citizens under ‘socialism with Chinese character istics’ which has transformed China from the 32nd largest trading nation in 1978 to second in terms of GDP purchasing power behind the United States (Dellios, 2004). The power of participation in the international flows of globalisation has proven its ability and potential to transform economies and nations as well as the economic balances of power. Globalisation is for most intents and purposes a Western dominated process that is influenced and guided by corporations. In pursuing international markets multinational corporations have opted on a course of standardising their product lines to permit them to make adaptations to reach foreign consumers in the quest for increased market share (Hayler, 2006). Localisation represents the adaptation of products, goods and or services to address the tastes, preferences, cultural â€Å"†¦ and other requirements of a specific target market† (W3C, 2007). A key example of standardisation combined with localisation can be found in portable telephones. Companies need a standardised approach to the production of basic components in a globalised economy for framing, wiring and related components to permit a universal platform of manufacture. With facilities in 15 countries and sales in over 130, Nokia is a prime example of a globalised company (Nokia, 2001). However, individual marke ts require localisation to appeal to consumers in the face of competition, as well as the recognition of preferences, tastes and needs. Nokia innovated the first mobile phone that was designed to provide â€Å"†¦ commands in English, Chinese, Thai, Bahasa for Indonesia and Malaysia, and Spanish for the Philippine market (Hoberg-Petersen et al, 1999). The preceding is an example of the combined utilization of standardisation and localisation required to capture consumers in the competitive globalised marketplace. Nokia’s deft understanding of the variables of the international marketplace represent the application of Porter’s (1998, pp. 59-61) value chain organization, which represents the various activities inside as well as outside a company, equating logistics, operations, marketing and sales, support activities, procurement, technology development, company infrastructure and utilizing the inputs and results from these activities to improve operations by adapti ng and changing where needed to meet the demands of the marketplace. The importance of an international stance in the today’s global economy enables corporations to cope with international competition by leveraging their domestic operations overseas and learns lessons from the unique characteristics of foreign markets to bring back to its own domestic market. The preceding expands the company’s innovation by coming to grips with specialized needs that can translate into new features and approaches that boost sales. Accepting the principle of globalisation is not a luxury that companies can afford to ignore in the face of foreign competition. It is an undeniable facet of competition as any product, goods or services that has a representative market domestically, will be under attack sooner or later by some company or companies seeking to expand. Evidence of the impact of globalisation is shown by the fact that the ratio of exports plus imports as calculated against the global gross domestic product has increased from 16% in 1960 to 40% in 2001 (World Bank, 2002). The forgoing seemingly suggests that localizing products, goods and services from a standardised format to meet the needs of individual markets has proven successful. But, in the larger scheme of things, is globalisation actually helping to increase inequalities between nations and threatening living standards, social progress and employment? As in all questions, there are two sides to every story. The preceding is a highly complex principle to equate as well as measure, as such is dependent upon the relative sophistication of a country’s ability to meet the varied demands of globalisation called for through institutions, infrastructure development, educational systems, professional and skilled worker training and development, access to raw materials, governmental practices and internal policies. It is simple enough to look at examples of inequality, and related factors, however, in the case of Africa and Latin America, they have only recently opened their markets, beginning in the 1980s, as opposed to the United States, Europe and Japan, which were all engaged in the process shortly after World War II (Bardhan, 2006). China adopted market reforms and changed the precepts of socialism to accommodate a process that enabled them to harness their educational, industrial and internal systems and infrastructure to utilize globalisation to reinforce the power of the state. The ir example points to the internal resourcefulness of government to utilize means to transform the way things were done, into what they viewed as needing to be done (Bardhan, 2006). In a free market system inequalities mark the underpinnings of the business process as companies seek lowered costs via which to produce what they are in business for. Such means moving facilities and or processes to those locales that will enable them to maintain quality, but cut costs, and labor, represents the largest cost item. In a report titled â€Å"A Compendium of Inequality† (Martens, 2005) which refers to a United Nations Development Report published in 2005, found that approximately fifty countries, of the total one hundred and seventy-five countries studied, lost ground in terms of their economic standing, GDP and other areas. In order to achieve economic progress, reduce poverty and improve their quality of life, developing countries need increased employment opportunities, improved labor productivity and governmental incentives to attract industry and business as well as to develop them internally. Achievement of the foregoing requires a sustained productivity growth along with increased capacity of the country’s populace in skills and development that will foster the conditions for the attraction of multinational companies and permit the country to compete on the international stage (Little, 2005). Multinational companies bring with them advanced production and management techniques as well as offer increased wages in terms of relative practices thus increasing the standards, thereby attracting the better labor from the available employment pool. The process is slow, yet effective, and the foregoing represent facets used by China, India, Brazil, and the Asian Tigers, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, that aided these countries in making progress in global commerce. Conclusion Globalisation can trace its roots back over 5,000 years, with the modern application of the term credited to Levitt (Tedlow and Abdelal, 2005). The consistent evolution of globalisation has caused theorists and scholars to define and redefine the term with the understanding that in its present complexities that there is no universally agreed upon definition to adequately describe the process that includes economics, social processes, cultural facets, political considerations and the complex entangled web of interdependent relationships these areas have. In this examination, the term globalisation has been narrowed to focus on its economic and business ramifications in examining whether the process is beneficial, and a key to future world economic development that is inevitable and irreversible, or is it a process that promotes inequality within as well as between nations that threatens employment along with living standards and thwarts social progress. And while globalisation does ha ve its less than desirable effects, it has proven its worth in lowering international borders to increase trade, migration and stabilize currency and capital flows in an era that has seen unprecedented growth in innovation, communications and the seeking of a better understanding of humanity’s needs. The process is not going to disappear or reverse itself as whether we like it or not, the world is driven by economics and the interests of corporations to generate profits on behalf of stockholders, and stakeholders in addition to the vested self interests of governments to protect and foster favorable business conditions for corporations that generate employment and pay taxes to support the political structure. The preceding has been and will continue to be an interdependent relationship that has existed since the Chinese dynasties, through the Egyptian era, as well as the Greek and Roman empires. It is not a question of what direction the world is going in, but one of the direction the world has always been going. Corporations are not going to disappear and our way of life that has been evolving change. Commerce, trade and the migration of people has always been with us, globalisation is just the present form that has manifested itself as have as conquests, exploration and wars in addition to trade and commerce been the former means that mankind has utilized from the beginnings of civilisation. As history has taught us, the more advanced nations use the less advanced to further their ends, with the offshoot of the process that the weaker nations through this association, become stronger and sooner or later establish their own independence and dominance in a never ending cycle of ebbs and flows that has seen shifts in political and economic power. Such was the case with the British empire, the rise of the United States, the emergence of the European Union, the development of regional trading blocks and the ascension of China. This examination has shown that while globalisation does have its inequalities and less than desirable points, it, as in all human endeavours, is an evolutionary process that is still learning from itself. As we progress as a race of peoples, so to does our understanding of our mistakes and the drive to correct them. Institutions such as the United Nations are proof of this evolutionary process. Thus, the faults in globalisation do not lie in its proces s, but in our application of them, which those whom opposed to it aiding in pointing out its shortcomings. As we learn, we listen and reshape ourselves to devise ways to better serve ourselves as well as humankind. The examples presented herein point to the foregoing. Bibliography Bardham, P. (2006) Does Globalization Help or Hurt the World’s Poor. 26 March 2006. Scientific American Beck, U., Camiller, P. (2000) What is Globalization. Polity Press Bhaqwati, J. (2005) In defense of Globalization. Oxford University Press Carbaugh, R. (2006) International Economics. Academic Internet Publishers, Inc. Dellios, R. (2004) The Rise of China as a Global Power. Retrieved on 29 January 2007 from http://www.international-relations.com/CM6-2WB/GlobalChinaWB.htm Eisenstadt, S. (1968) Empires. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences Eisenstadt, S. (1961) The Causes of Disintegration and Fall of Empires: Sociological and Historical Analysis. Vol. 34. Diogenes Giddens, A. (2006) The Second Globalization Debate. Retrieved on 27 January 2007 from http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/giddens/giddens_index.html Hayler, A. (2006) Standardization is not the answer to the challenge of globalization. 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